As of 30 September 2024, a significant number of firearms are in the possession of private security companies in South Africa, with the total reaching 126 529. This figure, which was disclosed in a recent parliamentary question posed by Rise Mzansi’s Makashule Gana to the Minister of Police, reflects the extent of the armed presence that these companies maintain across the country.

The distribution of licensed firearms among private security companies varies considerably by province. Gauteng, the economic hub of South Africa, holds the highest share, with a staggering 77 089 firearms. KwaZulu-Natal follows with 26 792, while Limpopo reported over 8,000 firearms in the possession of private security firms. In contrast, provinces like the Northern Cape and Free State have fewer firearms, with the Northern Cape reporting just 210 licensed firearms.

Private security companies are permitted to acquire firearms under the South African Firearms Control Act, 2000 (Act No. 60 of 2000). According to Section 20(1)(a) of the Act, security companies may be licensed to purchase any firearm, provided it is not classified as a prohibited firearm. This provision allows private security firms a broad selection of weapons to meet the diverse needs of protecting individuals and property.

In response to concerns about the potential misuse of firearms by private security companies, the Minister of Police confirmed that, as of the latest update, no security company has been flagged for purchasing unauthorized firearms. This suggests that the regulatory framework surrounding firearm licensing and purchases for security companies is being adhered to, at least in this regard.

However, not all aspects of firearm management within the private security sector are positive. A worrying trend is the number of firearms reported lost or stolen. In the 2023/24 financial year, a total of 1 648 firearms were reported as either lost or stolen by security companies. This number continues to rise, with 847 firearms reported lost or stolen in the first half of the 2024/25 financial year. This is a matter of concern, as lost or stolen firearms can easily end up in the wrong hands, posing a potential public safety risk.

The loss of firearms underscores the importance of stringent controls and oversight in the security sector, particularly regarding the safekeeping of firearms and the investigation of any incidents of theft or misplacement.

The substantial number of firearms in the hands of private security companies across South Africa highlights the critical role these firms play in the country’s security landscape. However, concerns regarding firearm losses and the potential for misuse or criminal activity are not negligible. While no companies have been flagged for unauthorized purchases, the reported losses reflect ongoing challenges in ensuring the secure handling of firearms.

With a total of 126 529 firearms licensed to private security companies, the need for robust oversight and accountability remains pressing, particularly given the increasing number of firearms reported as lost or stolen. As South Africa continues to grapple with high levels of crime, the role of private security companies and their firearms will remain under scrutiny.